What does "hypoxia" refer to in aquatic ecosystems?

Hypoxia refers to a condition in aquatic ecosystems where there is a significantly low level of dissolved oxygen in the water. This decrease in oxygen can be detrimental to aquatic life, as most fish and other organisms require oxygen to survive. Conditions of hypoxia can occur due to factors such as nutrient pollution, which leads to excessive growth of algae (algal blooms). When these algae die and decompose, oxygen is consumed, further decreasing the availability of oxygen in the water. Hypoxia can lead to "dead zones" where aquatic life cannot thrive, disrupting the ecosystem and affecting biodiversity. Understanding hypoxia is crucial for ensuring the health of aquatic environments and managing water quality effectively.