What does the term "biodiversity" refer to in the context of aquatic ecosystems?

The term "biodiversity" in the context of aquatic ecosystems refers to the variety of life in a habitat. This encompasses not only the number of different species present, such as fish, plants, microorganisms, and invertebrates, but also the genetic diversity within those species and the ecosystems they form. Biodiversity is crucial for the health and stability of aquatic environments because it contributes to ecosystem resilience, productivity, and the ability of the system to respond to changes such as pollution or climate shifts.

The presence of diverse species allows for more complex interactions and relationships within the ecosystem, which can lead to better nutrient cycling and greater overall productivity. A rich biodiversity means that the ecosystem can endure changes and disruptions more effectively, ultimately promoting a balanced and sustainable environment.