What factors contribute to the stratification of lakes?

Stratification in lakes primarily occurs due to temperature and density differences within the water layers. During warmer months, surface water is heated by sunlight, leading to a less dense layer on top, known as the epilimnion. Below this, in the colder depths, lies the denser layer called the hypolimnion. This difference in temperature and density prevents mixing between these layers, creating distinct thermal stratification.

In colder months or during specific weather events, lakes can undergo turnovers, where the cooler water sinks and the warmer water rises. However, the initial stratification and formation of layers are fundamentally driven by temperature and density differences. This layering has significant implications for the ecosystem, including oxygen levels and nutrient distribution, which can affect fish and other aquatic life. Understanding this concept is essential for comprehending lake ecology and management practices.