What is one effect of human activity on biodiversity hotspots?

Human activity significantly impacts biodiversity hotspots, particularly through habitat destruction. Biodiversity hotspots are regions that are both rich in diverse species and under threat from human activities like urbanization, agriculture, and deforestation. The loss of habitat leads to decreased populations of various species, as their natural environments are altered or completely removed. This can result in extinction and a reduction in genetic diversity, disrupting ecosystems and their functions.

In contrast, the other choices do not accurately reflect the typical consequences of human influence in these critical areas. While protection from natural disasters can be a characteristic of well-managed environments, it's not a direct consequence of human activity. Increased biodiversity is generally the result of conservation efforts rather than human-induced changes, and regeneration of native species typically occurs after the cessation of damaging activities, not as a direct result of human activity. Therefore, the most accurate answer, which highlights a prevailing issue caused by human actions in biodiversity hotspots, is the threat to species due to habitat destruction.