What is the process called by which plants release water vapor into the atmosphere?

The process by which plants release water vapor into the atmosphere is known as transpiration. This occurs primarily through small openings on the leaves called stomata, where water that has been absorbed by the roots is transported up through the plant and eventually evaporates into the air. Transpiration plays a crucial role in the water cycle as it helps regulate plant temperature and facilitates the movement of nutrients from the roots to various parts of the plant. Additionally, it contributes to the overall humidity of the environment, affecting local weather patterns.

In contrast, evaporation refers to the transition of water from its liquid state to vapor, typically occurring from bodies of water and soil, not specifically from plants. Condensation is the process by which water vapor cools and changes back into liquid water, forming clouds, while infiltration involves the process of water soaking into the ground from rain or other sources. Each of these processes plays a role in the hydrological cycle, but transpiration specifically links plant physiology to atmospheric moisture.